What caffeine is—and where it comes from Caffeine is a natural stimulant that more than 60 plant species make to fend off insects and other pests. We humans meet it most often in: Coffee beans Tea leaves Cacao pods Guarana berries Kola nuts These leaves, seeds or fruits are roasted, brewed or…

What counts as an electrolyte? Any mineral that dissolves in water and carries an electric charge qualifies. The “big five” for human physiology are sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Each one balances fluid, sparks nerves, or powers muscle contractions. Table 1 – Key electrolytes, EFSA DRVs & top foods ElectrolyteMain rolesEFSA adult DRVFood highlights*Sodium (Na⁺)Fluid…